Cranial Nerves

Cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that has a relationship with the brain. Except for the first two pairs (the olfactory nerve and optic nerve), cranial nerve arises from the anterior surface of the brain stem (cerebral peduncles, pons, and medulla oblongata) and come to the surface through a hole in the skull. Some sensory, some machines mix, and more. Innervate the organs and tissues of the head and neck, the vagus nerve EXCLUSION (X pair), which fell into the chest cavity.

The first two pairs, the olfactory nerve (I) and optic nerve (II), unlike other cranial nerves from the brain directly without going outside and is a means of communication of the sense of smell and sight, the first extending from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory filament bulb , both from the retina to the optic chiasm. Oculomotor nerve (III) innervates the muscles of the upper eyelid, the superior rectus, medial rectus, lower rectus and oblique eyes low. Troklearis nerve (IV) innervates the superior oblique eye muscle.

The trigeminal nerve (V) mixed, emerging from the pons, and receives sensory information from the face and supply the muscles of mastication. The abducens (VI) is a motor and innervates the lateral rectus eye muscle. The facial nerve (VII) were mixed and supplying the facial muscles and receive sensory information from the sense of two-thirds of the tongue. Auditory nerve (VIII) receives sensory information hearing and balance. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) is a mixture of nerves and receive information from a third sense of the tongue, parotid gland and stylopharyngeus innervates muscles.

 The vagus nerve (X), a mixture of muscle inverva the pharynx and larynx, and providing parasympathetic fibers to the organ the chest and abdomen. Accessory nerve (XI) is a motor and control and trapeze sternocleidomastoid muscle. Hypoglossal nerve (XII) inverva muscles and tongue muscles other articulation glosales and important to talk.