Virus is the formation or structure that consists of a single strand of nucleic acid that is involved in protein coat. Most of them are visible only with an electron microscope. There is a virus that can not be displayed correctly. This virus is not technically considered living organisms because of lack of biological precesos as metabolism and respiration, and can not be played by itself, but requires a host cell to reproduce. Therefore, it is an obligate parasite of the cell.
When a virus invades a cell was first fixed specific receptors on the cell membrane, which has an affinity, to destroy penetrate inside the cell. After that, you can not prove their existence in any way to the top for a while. It is concluded that disintegrate into its constituent elements, which was multiplied by the metabolic processes of cells to join later in greater numbers and become the basic cells. The virus can pass through the two daughter cells when a cell divides, spreading defined by this mechanism.
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12/07/2012
Dermatropos Virus
Virus Dermotropos are those that colonize the skin cells of the epidermis, has as input the body through the pharyngeal mucosa and that usually causes coughing slightly. From it through blood and dermotropo virus reaches the skin, where the occupation. We can show the presence in it called Guarnieri corpuscles were found in the cytoplasm and culture is a small virus. The elementary body, which are relatively large and in accordance with the same virus, known since 1907. Viruses cause infectious dermatropo eruptions such as measles, chicken pox, measles and fever blisters.
After the colonization of the virus in epithelial cells first develop papules, which by damage to the basal layer of the epidermis is converted into vesicles, which soon became turbid water content and become purulent, thus becoming pustules formed. When they dry, crust, which despite all the superficial scars. Both vesicles and crust is a highly contagious virus for their content. When inoculated into rabbit corneas (Paul test) also develops in the epithelial cells Guarneri blood cells. Dermotropo virus leaves patients permanently overcome immune diseases.
After the colonization of the virus in epithelial cells first develop papules, which by damage to the basal layer of the epidermis is converted into vesicles, which soon became turbid water content and become purulent, thus becoming pustules formed. When they dry, crust, which despite all the superficial scars. Both vesicles and crust is a highly contagious virus for their content. When inoculated into rabbit corneas (Paul test) also develops in the epithelial cells Guarneri blood cells. Dermotropo virus leaves patients permanently overcome immune diseases.
Staphylococci
Staphylococci are bacteria cocáceas group. This gram-positive cocci, measuring between 0.5 and 1.5 microns in diameter, forming a clustered multiply accumulation. According to their behavior on solid culture media, are divided into several subgroups: 1) Staphylococcus aureus, which form colonies golden yellow, 2) citreus staphylococci, with lemon yellow, 3) Staph color white dawn. On our skin usually staphylococci, where he underwent a saprophytic life. But sometimes penetrate the tissue of the wound or natural opening in the skin, such as hair follicles or glands sudorípidas, then act as pathogens. The most frightening thing is Staphylococcus aureus, while the disease is rare dawn.
Staphylococci produce a poison called hemolysins which dissolves red blood cells and causes tissue coagulation necrosis (coagulase). Staphylococci are generally distributed to the network a bit, which only produces local lesions characterized by necrosis and pus formation, a purulent infection. They are responsible for ulcers. In open fractures can cause pyogenic infections, and osteomyelitis. In newborns can cause exfoliative dermatitis Ritter.
Staphylococci produce a poison called hemolysins which dissolves red blood cells and causes tissue coagulation necrosis (coagulase). Staphylococci are generally distributed to the network a bit, which only produces local lesions characterized by necrosis and pus formation, a purulent infection. They are responsible for ulcers. In open fractures can cause pyogenic infections, and osteomyelitis. In newborns can cause exfoliative dermatitis Ritter.
Streptococcus
Streptococcus is a spherical bacterium (coccus) which on division (fission) chain formed. There are several types of streptococci and group them into three groups: alpha-hemolytic, beta-hemolytic and non-hemolytic-range, based on the action or the effect that the red blood cells (erythrocytes). Secrete toxins that cause infectious diseases such as angina, erysipelas, scarlet fever otitis, and pneumonia, as well as autoinumitaria disease: rheumatic fever.
The amount of toxins released by these bacteria are important in the diagnosis and treatment will lead to disease. Alpha and beta hemolytic streptococcus form of a hemolysin which attack and dissolve the red blood cells, the body responds to this attack called antihemolisina antibodies. The demonstration of the presence in the blood antihemolisina an important diagnostic tool in the recognition of the disease is not proved by other processes. Exotoxin produced by alpha-hemolytic streptococci produces paralysis reddish blood vessels, for example, scarlet fever. In erysipelas, found beta-hemolytic streptococci, which usually has penetrated through a small hole in the skin of the face, spreading to the lymph nodes examined and crannies.
In chronic streptococcal infection, allergic reaction occupies the foreground of the fabric, while the same bacteria that settle on a focus that is often not easy to find, for example, granulomas in the root of the tooth. Natural focal infections persistent toxins into the body and sensitive. Thus, in various organs develop streptococcal lesions do not contain any, but in the end, is because of the action. In a wide circle of streptococcal disease should include glomerulonephritis, arthritis and rheumatic fever.
The amount of toxins released by these bacteria are important in the diagnosis and treatment will lead to disease. Alpha and beta hemolytic streptococcus form of a hemolysin which attack and dissolve the red blood cells, the body responds to this attack called antihemolisina antibodies. The demonstration of the presence in the blood antihemolisina an important diagnostic tool in the recognition of the disease is not proved by other processes. Exotoxin produced by alpha-hemolytic streptococci produces paralysis reddish blood vessels, for example, scarlet fever. In erysipelas, found beta-hemolytic streptococci, which usually has penetrated through a small hole in the skin of the face, spreading to the lymph nodes examined and crannies.
In chronic streptococcal infection, allergic reaction occupies the foreground of the fabric, while the same bacteria that settle on a focus that is often not easy to find, for example, granulomas in the root of the tooth. Natural focal infections persistent toxins into the body and sensitive. Thus, in various organs develop streptococcal lesions do not contain any, but in the end, is because of the action. In a wide circle of streptococcal disease should include glomerulonephritis, arthritis and rheumatic fever.
Pneumococcus
The pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) is a spherical bacterium, gram-positive, non-mobility itself, and which cause pneumonia, inflammation of the facial sinuses (sinusitis), and meningitis. Pneumococcus is provided in pairs, ie Diplococcus, as streptococcus, forming chains also multiplied in liquid culture media, but is characterized by sensitivity to bile salts. They also have a mucous capsule containing carbohydrates, especially antigenicity. Using an appropriate immune serum, resulting in swelling of the capsule can diferenicar pneumococci are four main types: type I, II, III and IV.
Injuries caused by a very dangerous type III, characterized by unusually rich mucous exudates which are not formed by the cells of the body, but by the pneumococcus. Type IV is divided into several subgroups. Other pneumococci produce fibrin-rich exudate leukocytes. Pneumococci was a regular guest of the respiratory tract and upper mouth. Although lung infections occur, they can, through the blood to distant organs, such as leptomeninges, as well as for children without a safety peritoneum can be shown by the gateway.
Injuries caused by a very dangerous type III, characterized by unusually rich mucous exudates which are not formed by the cells of the body, but by the pneumococcus. Type IV is divided into several subgroups. Other pneumococci produce fibrin-rich exudate leukocytes. Pneumococci was a regular guest of the respiratory tract and upper mouth. Although lung infections occur, they can, through the blood to distant organs, such as leptomeninges, as well as for children without a safety peritoneum can be shown by the gateway.
12/03/2012
Naegleria Fowleri
Naegleria fowleri is a genus of protozo, which has a life cycle phase and other amoeboid falgelada. Some species Naegleria fowleri is very parasitic and pathogenic, causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, which is very serious. Since this is protozo in stagnant pond, lagoon waste and acquired infection swimming in waters contaminated with amoebae.
Naegleria fowleri reproduce by binary fission, faster in warmer temperatures. Having your body core and surrounded by a membrane and move through pseudopodia tranparente. At low temperatures have a tendency to encyst.
Naegleria fowleri enters the central nervous system through the mucous membranes of the nose olfactorias, attacking first the olfactory bulb, and then, to corrode the frontal cortex. Fortunately, these infections are very rare and occur in tropical countries of Asia and northern Australia, where it was discovered in 1965.
Naegleria fowleri enters the central nervous system through the mucous membranes of the nose olfactorias, attacking first the olfactory bulb, and then, to corrode the frontal cortex. Fortunately, these infections are very rare and occur in tropical countries of Asia and northern Australia, where it was discovered in 1965.
12/02/2012
Tific Bacillus
Tific Bacillus (Bacteria typhi), also known as Salmonella or Eberth bacillus, the bacterium that causes typhoid fever. It is a gram-negative, is about 1 to 2 microns in length and has a rounded tip. Can grow very well in all culture media than alkaline. Tific bacillus people enter through the mouth and invade the body through the lymphatic system in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the bacilli reach the mesenteric lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels, passes it to the blood marrow, spleen and bone. Tists bacilli not multiply in the blood, but in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow, from which burst into the blood and reach different parts of the body. Secrete endotoxins that cause disease.
Basil was found in a bloody eliminated by the kidneys, indicating its presence in the urine. At the same time pass and colonize besícula bile ducts, from which in turn passed back to the intestine, thus, the maximum cuand proliferation in the gallbladder (third week) can easily be demonstrated in the feces. Some of the bacillus that has penetrated tists blood and body finally gave up, because, after all, free endotoxin contained in the body of bacteria. Toxins are primarily injure parenchymal tissues of different organs, including the myocardium them. In skeletal muscle fibers come strange homogenization, which makes them yellow and brittle.
Basil was found in a bloody eliminated by the kidneys, indicating its presence in the urine. At the same time pass and colonize besícula bile ducts, from which in turn passed back to the intestine, thus, the maximum cuand proliferation in the gallbladder (third week) can easily be demonstrated in the feces. Some of the bacillus that has penetrated tists blood and body finally gave up, because, after all, free endotoxin contained in the body of bacteria. Toxins are primarily injure parenchymal tissues of different organs, including the myocardium them. In skeletal muscle fibers come strange homogenization, which makes them yellow and brittle.
Escherichia Coli
Escherichia coli, also known as colibacillus, is one of the most extensive and bacteria live in the intestinal tract in a state of symbiosis. A large negative bacilli, rub-shaped, about 2 microns in length and a diameter of 0.5. Shortly after the birth of man, through the intestinal tract to be constant are the same throughout life. Escherichia coli involved in the disintegration of food, play an important role in the formation of vitamin B12 and K. Basil intestine because it is not a human intestinal saprophyte casual, but human life is possible because of their symbiosis. Intact skin and mucosa which, under normal circumstances, adequate protection against the penetration of Escherichia coli in the network.
However, various modifications of the intestinal mucosa can be made impermeable to germs, whether inflammatory necrosis, mild or injury. Then act as an agent of the colon bacillus flogógenos (which causes inflammation) that infiltrate the intestinal wall and infect the peritoneum. It is clear then that play a role in inflammatory bowel organs and all its attachments. We also found Escherichia coli to inflammation of the pancreas, gallbladder appendix,, together with other intestinal bacteria, and even without that in each case they have been the main agent of the swelling. But sometimes it also penetrate into the bloodstream (sepsis E. coli) and then eliminated by the kidneys, without it being necessary to channel pain or kidney or urinary tract. Only when the urine stagnates in places produce serious injuries. Penetration into the urinary tract can also be done from the outside, especially in women, as long orta urethra.
It is possible to distinguish different types of colon bacilli by serological methods, after seeing that some kind is the agent of infectious enteritis infants sometimes presented as a problem of epidemic in the hospital immediately. In infants found colibacteria well as infectious agents leptomeninges, which arrives via the blood or lymphatic routes. Penetration of the blood can be explained by the greater penetration of the intestinal mucosa baby, to address the same through the lymphatic drag sometimes affect the middle ear.
However, various modifications of the intestinal mucosa can be made impermeable to germs, whether inflammatory necrosis, mild or injury. Then act as an agent of the colon bacillus flogógenos (which causes inflammation) that infiltrate the intestinal wall and infect the peritoneum. It is clear then that play a role in inflammatory bowel organs and all its attachments. We also found Escherichia coli to inflammation of the pancreas, gallbladder appendix,, together with other intestinal bacteria, and even without that in each case they have been the main agent of the swelling. But sometimes it also penetrate into the bloodstream (sepsis E. coli) and then eliminated by the kidneys, without it being necessary to channel pain or kidney or urinary tract. Only when the urine stagnates in places produce serious injuries. Penetration into the urinary tract can also be done from the outside, especially in women, as long orta urethra.
It is possible to distinguish different types of colon bacilli by serological methods, after seeing that some kind is the agent of infectious enteritis infants sometimes presented as a problem of epidemic in the hospital immediately. In infants found colibacteria well as infectious agents leptomeninges, which arrives via the blood or lymphatic routes. Penetration of the blood can be explained by the greater penetration of the intestinal mucosa baby, to address the same through the lymphatic drag sometimes affect the middle ear.
Saprophyte
In medicine, is a saprophyte microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi or protozoa, which feeds particulate organic or dead cells.
11/29/2012
Karyorrhexis
Karyorrhexis is broken or damage to the cell nucleus, where the chromatin crushed into granules with disabilities are removed from the cell. Karyorrhexis is one of the intermediate stages of cell death, necrobiosis of vessels previously.
11/28/2012
Pyknosis
Are pyknosis chromosome contraction degenerative component of the cell nucleus, where the chromatin condenses into solid amorphous mass. This occurs in a cell in the phase of apoptosis or necrosis.
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